{"id":7029,"date":"2019-03-01T13:30:25","date_gmt":"2019-03-01T12:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/?p=7029"},"modified":"2019-12-11T09:40:57","modified_gmt":"2019-12-11T08:40:57","slug":"peche-electrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/en\/peche-electrique\/","title":{"rendered":"Actualit\u00e9s : P\u00eache \u00e9lectrique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un chalut \u00e9lectrique\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un chalut est \u00e0 la base un grand filet en forme d\u2019entonnoir remorqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re d\u2019un navire. Pour cette technique, il s\u2019agit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d\u2019un chalut \u00e0 perche. Il est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une grande perche rigide aidant \u00e0 l\u2019ouverture du filet. Assembl\u00e9e avec des chaines, elle permet de gratter le fond et de faire sortir les poissons plats d\u00e9mersaux (soles, plies, etc.) et crevettes, cibl\u00e9s par cette technique.<\/p>\n

Le chalut \u00e9lectrique a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u dans le but de r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact \u00e9cologique sur l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le rendement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du bateau. Le principe de cette pratique consiste \u00e0 placer des \u00e9lectrodes le long du filet. Le courant passe alors dans les mailles et est diffus\u00e9 sur le fond, l\u2019impulsion \u00e9lectrique va alors paralyser le poisson, le propulser hors du substrat sableux dans le chalut.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qui utilise le chalut \u00e9lectrique\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis 2006, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a donn\u00e9 \u00e0 titre exp\u00e9rimental, des d\u00e9rogations pour chaque \u00e9tat membre p\u00eachant en zone Sud de la Mer du Nord. Officiellement, chaque pays europ\u00e9en concern\u00e9 pourrait \u00e9quiper 5% de sa flottille de chalut \u00e0 perche avec des \u00e9lectrodes. Les p\u00eacheurs fran\u00e7ais et anglais n\u2019utilisant que tr\u00e8s rarement cette technique, ces autorisations ont principalement servi \u00e0 la flottille n\u00e9erlandaise qui aurait \u00e9quip\u00e9 abusivement 30% de leur flottille.<\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis la mise en place de ces d\u00e9rogations, les p\u00eacheurs n\u00e9erlandais souhaitent inscrire cette technique comme une m\u00e9thode de p\u00eache conventionnelle aupr\u00e8s de la Commission europ\u00e9enne. Cette proposition permettrait l\u2019utilisation de la \u00ab\u00a0p\u00eache \u00e9lectrique par impulsions\u00a0\u00bb de fa\u00e7on l\u00e9gale par l\u2019ensemble de leur flottille.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pourquoi un d\u00e9bat existe-il autour de cette technique\u00a0? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

De plus en plus de p\u00eacheurs riverains de la Mer du Nord se mobilisent contre l\u2019usage de cette technique de p\u00eache. Parmi leurs revendications, il semblerait que dans les zones o\u00f9 cohabitent le chalut \u00e9lectrique et d\u2019autres m\u00e9thodes (filets, chalut de fond), la biomasse de poissons plats soit en d\u00e9clin. En comparant les quantit\u00e9s p\u00each\u00e9es par chacune des m\u00e9thodes, il appara\u00eet que la p\u00eache \u00e9lectrique soit tr\u00e8s efficace et sans commune mesure avec les m\u00e9thodes conventionnelles. De plus, les p\u00eacheurs mettent en avant l\u2019impact physique de cette technique sur les organismes\u00a0(fractures, br\u00fblures, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n

A l\u2019inverse, les n\u00e9erlandais mettent en avant l\u2019impact positif de cette technique au niveau \u00e9cologique et \u00e9conomique. En jouant sur le voltage diffus\u00e9 dans le chalut, les p\u00eacheurs n\u00e9erlandais estiment qu\u2019ils peuvent s\u00e9lectionner les grands individus (selon la taille, le taux de gras\u2026) et donc rel\u00e2cher les poissons n\u2019ayant pas atteints la taille commerciale. De plus, l\u2019impulsion permettant de faire \u00ab\u00a0sortir\u00a0\u00bb les poissons plats, les contacts entre la perche et le sol sont limit\u00e9s. Au niveau \u00e9cologique, cette technique r\u00e9duit donc son impact sur les fonds marins et permet d\u2019un point de vue \u00e9conomique, de diminuer la consommation de carburant du navire.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, deux opinions s\u2019affrontent\u00a0: l\u2019une voulant l\u2019interdiction totale de cette technique et l\u2019autre souhaitant sa l\u00e9galisation et son int\u00e9gration comme m\u00e9thode de p\u00eache conventionnelle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toute la fili\u00e8re fran\u00e7aise s\u2019est engag\u00e9e contre cette technique aupr\u00e8s des p\u00eacheurs professionnels. Apr\u00e8s plusieurs ann\u00e9es de mobilisations, les 3 institutions europ\u00e9ennes (Commission, Conseil et Parlement europ\u00e9ens) ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 conjointement le mercredi 12 janvier d\u2019une interdiction totale de la p\u00eache \u00e9lectrique d\u2019ici juin 2021. Pendant ces deux ann\u00e9es de transition, la r\u00e9glementation va \u00eatre strictement appliqu\u00e9e\u00a0aux Pays-Bas : seulement 5% de la flotte recevra une d\u00e9rogation pour \u00eatre autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser un chalut \u00e9lectrique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le 16 avril 2019, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a approuv\u00e9 l\u2019accord de trilogue conclu le 13 f\u00e9vrier 2019 sur le r\u00e8glement \u00ab Mesures techniques \u00bb, A partir du 1er juillet 2021, l\u2019utilisation du chalut \u00e9lectrique sera interdite d\u00e9finitivement dans les eaux europ\u00e9ennes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le jeudi 9 mai 2019, les d\u00e9put\u00e9s de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e Nationale Fran\u00e7aise ont vot\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9, la proposition de loi sur l\u2019interdiction de la p\u00eache \u00e9lectrique dans les eaux territoriales fran\u00e7aises d\u00e8s cette ann\u00e9e. Le texte permet d’avancer la date d’interdiction\u00a0<\/span>vot\u00e9e<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>le 16 avril dernier<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>au niveau de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, qui ne sera effective que le<\/span>\u00a01<\/span>er juillet 2021<\/span><\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cette loi fran\u00e7aise, si elle est d\u00e9finitivement adopt\u00e9e par le S\u00e9nat, permettra d’interdire cette p\u00eache, dans les eaux territoriales fran\u00e7aises (12 milles marins bordant le littoral) \u00e0 compter de sa publication.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

Quelle est la position du programme Mr.Goodfish ?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Suite aux derni\u00e8res notes du CIEM (Conseil International pour l\u2019exploitation de la Mer) et de l\u2019IFREMER (Institut Fran\u00e7ais Recherche Exploitation de la Mer) en ce qui concerne l\u2019utilisation d\u2019engins de p\u00eache \u00e0 impulsions \u00e9lectriques, Mr.Goodfish rejoint les avis des experts scientifiques et recommande la prudence.<\/span><\/p>\n

En effet, les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u00e9tudes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sont bas\u00e9es sur des observations ou exp\u00e9rimentations peu nombreuses. Certains effets restent \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, comme l\u2019impact de l\u2019utilisation de ces engins \u00e0 moyen et long terme notamment sur la reproduction (maturit\u00e9 sexuelle, etc\u2026) ainsi que sur le d\u00e9veloppement des \u0153ufs et larves. Des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur ces phases du cycle de vie seraient pr\u00e9occupants pour le renouvellement des populations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des analyses concernant les perturbations du syst\u00e8me immunitaire doivent \u00e9galement \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9es. De fa\u00e7on plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale il est plus que n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019impact de cette pratique qui pourrait avoir des effets catastrophiques sur la faune benthique, la m\u00e9iofaune, le r\u00e9seau trophique et le fonctionnement de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n

Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la note de l\u2019Ifremer\u00a0:<\/span> wwz.ifremer.fr_P\u00eache \u00e9lectrique<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un chalut \u00e9lectrique\u00a0? Un chalut est \u00e0 la base un grand filet en forme d\u2019entonnoir remorqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re d\u2019un navire. Pour…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7032,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[434],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-peche","post_format-post-format-image"],"better_featured_image":{"id":7032,"alt_text":"","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":591,"height":788,"file":"2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"chalut-electrique-1-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1-150x150.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"chalut-electrique-1-225x300.jpg","width":225,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1-225x300.jpg"},"mrg-recette":{"file":"chalut-electrique-1-591x600.jpg","width":591,"height":600,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1-591x600.jpg"},"mrg-recette-app":{"file":"chalut-electrique-1-400x300.jpg","width":400,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1-400x300.jpg"},"mrg-espece":{"file":"chalut-electrique-1-450x600.jpg","width":450,"height":600,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1-450x600.jpg"},"ebor-admin-list-thumb":{"file":"chalut-electrique-1-60x60.jpg","width":60,"height":60,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1-60x60.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":7029,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.mrgoodfish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chalut-electrique-1.jpg"},"yoast_head":"\nMr.Goodfish-Actualit\u00e9s-P\u00eache \u00e9lectrique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un chalut \u00e9lectrique\u00a0? 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